No matter which style of fountain pen you use, it needs a continuous flow of ink to perform at its best. In most fountain pens, that ink is supplied by either a converter or a cartridge, with the right option depending on your pen’s design and your preferred way of writing.
Converters and cartridges serve the same purpose, but they work in different ways, with each offering its own advantages.
The choice comes down to convenience versus flexibility. Ink cartridges offer a quick and mess-free refill, while converters allow you to use bottled ink, opening up a much wider range of colours and often proving more economical over time.
Let’s explore the differences between fountain pen cartridges and converters, learn how to fill a fountain pen using either option, and help you decide which one is right for you.
Cartridge vs converter: What’s the difference?
The main difference between a cartridge and a converter is how they store and supply ink to your fountain pen.
- Ink cartridge: A sealed, disposable tube pre-filled with fountain pen ink. Once it’s empty, you simply replace it with a new one.
- Ink converter: A reusable reservoir that fits into your fountain pen in place of a cartridge. Rather than being pre-filled, it draws ink directly from a bottle using a piston or twisting mechanism.
Both systems achieve the same result, but each is better suited to different writing styles and preferences.
It’s also important to check which filling systems your fountain pen supports. Some pens accept standard international cartridges and converters, while others use proprietary systems designed specifically for that manufacturer or pen model.
If you only plan to use a fountain pen you already own, you’ll need to use whichever filling system it supports. However, if you’re considering a new fountain pen, you’ll have the opportunity to choose the system that best suits your writing style.
What is a fountain pen cartridge?
A fountain pen cartridge is a small, disposable ink reservoir that slots directly into the grip section of your pen. When inserted, the cartridge is punctured, allowing ink to flow through the feed and into the fountain pen nib.
Cartridges are often recommended for beginners because they’re clean, straightforward to use, and require very little maintenance. They’re also travel-friendly, as you can carry spare cartridges without needing to bring bottled ink.
Many manufacturers produce cartridges designed specifically for their own pens. Brands like LAMY, Parker, and Pilot manufacture cartridges designed to fit their models, while many others are compatible with standard international cartridges.
Ultimately, cartridges are often a great choice if you’re looking for a simple and hassle-free refilling experience.
What is a fountain pen converter?
Instead of containing ink in a disposable cartridge, a fountain pen converter acts as a refillable reservoir that draws ink from a bottle.
Most converters use a small piston mechanism. By twisting or operating the converter while the nib is submerged in ink, you create a vacuum that pulls ink into the reservoir.
Using a converter gives you access to a wider selection of bottled fountain pen inks than is usually available with cartridges. This means you can experiment with different colours, ink types, and finishes without being limited by cartridge compatibility.
Although converters require a little more care when filling, many fountain pen enthusiasts enjoy the ritual and tradition of using bottled ink and appreciate the flexibility it offers.
Cartridge vs converter: Which is better?
There’s no single answer to this question, as the best choice depends on how and where you use your fountain pen.
Cartridges
Cartridges are the ideal choice if you:
- Are new to fountain pens
- Want the quickest and cleanest refill
- Regularly write away from home
- Prefer a simple and low-maintenance option
They’re particularly useful for students, commuters, and anyone who wants to replace their ink in seconds.
Converters
A converter may be the better choice if you:
- Write frequently
- Enjoy experimenting with ink colours
- Want to reduce single-use plastic waste
- Prefer better value over the long term
Although buying bottled ink and a converter involves a slightly higher upfront cost, it often works out to be more cost-effective over time, especially if you write regularly.
In short, cartridges are best for convenience and portability, while converters are better suited to writers who value flexibility and a wider choice of inks.
How to replace a fountain pen cartridge
Replacing a fountain pen cartridge only takes a few minutes, but understanding the process before you start makes it much easier. Follow these steps to install an ink cartridge:
- Unscrew the barrel of the fountain pen
- Remove the empty cartridge if one is already fitted
- Push the new cartridge firmly into the grip section until you feel it click or puncture
- Screw the barrel back onto the pen
- Hold the pen nib down for a minute or two while the ink travels through the feed
- Once the ink reaches the nib, your pen is ready to write.
If the pen doesn’t start writing immediately, gently squeeze the cartridge or hold the pen nib-down for a little longer to help the ink flow.
If you’d like to refill an existing cartridge instead of replacing it, take a look at our guide to refilling a fountain pen ink cartridge. You’ll need bottled ink to do this, but it can be a great way to extend the life of your cartridges and reduce plastic consumption.
How to fill a fountain pen converter
Filling a converter takes a little more effort than replacing a cartridge, but it quickly becomes second nature. Simply follow these steps and you’ll be writing in no time:
- Attach the converter securely to your fountain pen if it isn’t already fitted
- Twist the piston until it’s fully lowered
- Submerge the nib completely into your bottle of fountain pen ink, making sure the breather hole is below the surface
- Slowly twist the piston in the opposite direction to draw ink into the converter
- If necessary, expel a small amount of ink and refill again to remove any trapped air bubbles
- Lift the pen from the bottle and carefully wipe away excess ink using a soft cloth or paper towel
- Reassemble your pen and you’re ready to write.
If you’re using bottled ink for the first time, our guide to using fountain pen ink converters explains the process in more detail.
Can every fountain pen use a converter?
Some fountain pens are designed to accept cartridges and converters, while others only work with cartridges or require a converter made specifically for that brand.
For example, if a fountain pen only accepts proprietary converters, you won’t be able to use converters from other manufacturers for that pen. Make sure to check whether a converter is compatible with your pen model before committing to a purchase.
Common mistakes when filling a fountain pen
Even experienced fountain pen users occasionally make mistakes. Fortunately, they’re usually easy to avoid. Familiarise yourself with these common mistakes to keep your pen performing smoothly.
Using the wrong converter
As we’ve discovered, converters aren’t universal. Using an incompatible converter can prevent your pen from filling correctly or stop ink flowing altogether. If you’re buying a fountain pen for the first time, choose one that accepts a variety of converters so you can experiment before committing to a single brand.
Not submerging the nib fully
When filling from bottled ink, the nib and breather hole should be below the surface of the ink. If they aren’t, the converter may draw in air instead of ink, creating bubbles that can disrupt the ink flow while writing.
Changing ink colours without cleaning the pen
Switching from one ink colour to another without cleaning your fountain pen can produce unexpected colour changes and may affect ink flow.
Flushing the nib and converter with clean water between colours helps keep your pen performing at its best.
Overfilling the converter
To avoid overfilling your pen, leave a small air pocket in the converter. If the converter is too full, excess ink may pool in the grip section, causing a messy writing experience.
Using the wrong type of ink
Only use inks specifically formulated for fountain pens. India ink, acrylic ink, calligraphy ink, and other specialist varieties can clog the feed and damage your pen. Using unsuitable ink may even invalidate the manufacturer’s warranty, making it harder to replace or repair the damaged pen.
Which filling system is right for you?
Both cartridges and converters have their place, and neither is inherently better than the other.
If you value speed, convenience, and portability, cartridges are an excellent choice. If you enjoy exploring different inks, write frequently, or want a more sustainable and economical solution, a converter is likely the better option for you.
Whichever filling system you choose, using the right ink and keeping your fountain pen clean will help it perform at its best for years to come. Explore the extensive range of fountain pen inks, cartridges, converters, and fountain pens at The Pen Company to find everything you need for an enjoyable writing experience.